Friday, April 10, 2015

Evil and "Bureaucratic Momentum"


There is a passage in The Origins of the Final Solution by Christopher R. Browning which I find to be particularly disturbing:

By the late 1930s, the escalation and radicalization of Nazi Jewish policy were also furthered by a process of "bureaucratic momentum." Within months of the Nazi assumption of power almost every branch and agency of the German government had appointed lower-echelon civil servants - some of whom were longtime party faithful, some recent converts, some adaptable and ambitious careerists - to a "Jewish desk" (Judenreferat) to handle all matters related to Jewish policy that impinged in their jurisdictions. No ministry affected by Nazi Jewish policy could afford to be without experts to advise it about the impact of Jewish legislation emanating from other sources, to participate in various inter-ministerial conferences to defend the ministry's point of view, and of course to prepare the ministry's own measures. As this corps of "Jewish experts" (Judensachbearbeiter) proliferated and became institutionalized, the impact of the cumulative activities added up. The existence of the career itself ensured that the Jewish experts would keep up the flow of discriminatory measures. Even as German Jews were being deported to ghettos and death camps in the east in 1942, for instance, the bureaucracy was still producing decrees that prohibited them from having pets, getting their hair cut by Aryan barbers, or receiving the Reich sports badge! Such a bureaucratic "machinery of destruction" was poised and eager to meet the professional challenge and solve the myriad problems created by an escalating Nazi Jewish policy. In Raul Hilberg's memorable phrase, the German bureaucrat "beckoned to his Faustian fate." Not just for Hitler and the party faithful but also for the professional experts of the German bureaucracy, the outbreak of war in September 1939 and the ensuing victories would offer the opportunity and obligation to solver the "Jewish question" and make history.

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